Dr Tariq Ramadan is a prominent European Muslim intellectual and author on Islam in public life. He was Professor of Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford University and has held academic positions worldwide. In February 2018, he was accused of raping two women and arrested pending trial; in 2020, two further accusations were added. The French justice system was criticized for its treatment of him, including solitary confinement despite his multiple sclerosis. In June 2023, a Swiss court cleared him of rape and sexual coercion, seemingly ending a six-year legal battle. However, in September 2024, a Swiss appeals court overturned that acquittal and sentenced him to three years in prison (two suspended). He still faces additional allegations in Switzerland and France, which he continues to deny, claiming they are politically motivated.